Table 2 Multi-level logistic regression analyses examining factors associated with youth smoking behaviour (grades 9 to 12)
From: Tobacco retailer density surrounding schools and youth smoking behaviour: a multi-level analysis
|
Adjusted Odds Ratio § (95% CI) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Model 1
Susceptible vs. Non-susceptible |
Model 2
Occasional smoker vs. Non-smoker |
Model 3
Daily smoker vs. Non-smoker | ||
| Student-Level Characteristics | ||||
| Sex | Female | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Male | 0.93 (0.85, 1.01) | 0.92 (0.82, 1.03) | 1.12 (0.98, 1.28) | |
| Has an older sibling who smokes | No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 1.17 (1.04, 1.31)** | 1.81 (1.61, 2.03)*** | 2.51 (2.19, 2.87)*** | |
| Has a parent who smokes | No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 1.07 (0.97, 1.18) | 1.23 (1.10, 1.39)** | 1.89 (1.65, 2.17)*** | |
| Number of close friends who smoke | None | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 1 to 2 friends | 1.83 (1.65, 2.04)*** | 4.93 (4.29, 5.66)*** | 5.70 (4.47, 7.26)*** | |
| 3 or more friends | 2.58 (2.17, 3.05)*** | 11.52 (9.89, 13.42)*** | 82.60 (66.19, 103.08)*** | |
| Grade | 9 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 10 | 0.77 (0.69, 0.86)*** | 1.19 (1.01, 1.41)* | 1.70 (1.39, 2.08)*** | |
| 11 | 0.57 (0.50, 0.64)*** | 1.56 (1.32, 1.83)*** | 1.79 (1.46, 2.19)*** | |
| 12 | 0.43 (0.37, 0.49)*** | 2.01 (1.71, 2.36)*** | 3.25 (2.68, 3.96)*** | |
| School-Level Characteristics | ||||
| Number of tobacco retailers | Each retailer | 1.03 (1.01, 1.05)* | 0.99 (0.97, 1.01) | 1.00 (0.98, 1.02) |
| Neighbourhood disadvantage | Each % increase | 0.98 (0.94, 1.02) | 0.98 (0.95, 1.00) | 0.99 (0.97, 1.01) |